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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(8): 542-549, Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019475

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Oral phase swallowing impairment in motor neuron disease (MND) is caused by tongue weakness, fasciculation and atrophy, which may compromise oral transit time and total feeding time. Objective: To describe and correlate total oral transit time (TOTT) with functional performance in MND using different food consistencies. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 patients with MND, regardless of type or duration of the disease, of whom nine were excluded due to issues on the videofluoroscopic swallowing images. The remaining 11 patients (nine men and two women) ranged from 31 to 87 years of age (mean: 57 years) with scores on the Penetration Aspiration Scale ranging from ≤ 2 to ≤ 4. The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - revised questionnaire was applied to classify individuals according to global, bulbar and bulbar/respiratory parameters. Videofluoroscopy of swallowing using 5ml of different consistencies was performed and a quantitative temporal analysis of the TOTT was carried out with the aid of specific software. Results: There was a wide variation in the TOTT within the same food consistency among MND patients. There was a correlation between the TOTT and overall functional performance for the thickened liquid consistency (r = −0.691) and between the TOTT and bulbar performance for the pureed consistency (r = −0.859). Conclusion: Total oral transit time in MND varies within the same food consistency and the longer the TOTT, regardless of food consistency, the lower the functional performance in MND.


RESUMO O comprometimento na fase oral da deglutição na doença do neurônio motor (DNM) é ocasionado por fraqueza, fasciculação e atrofia de língua, podendo comprometer o tempo de trânsito oral (TTO) e o tempo total de alimentação. Objetivo: Descrever e relacionar o tempo de trânsito oral total (TTOT) com o desempenho funcional na DNM em distintas consistências de alimento. Métodos: Participaram 20 indivíduos com DNM, independente do tipo ou tempo de doença. Foram incluídos 11 indivíduos, nove homens e duas mulheres, faixa etária de 31 a 87 anos (média de idade de 57 anos) e com Penetration Aspiration Scale (Rosenbek et al., 1996) de ≤ 2 a ≤ 4. Foram excluídos nove indivíduos por questões técnicas relacionadas às imagens videofluoroscópicas de deglutição. Aplicado o questionário Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - revised para classificação dos indivíduos de acordo com parâmetros Global, Bulbar e Bulbar/Respiratório. Realizada videofluoroscopia da deglutição com diferentes consistências de alimento no volume de cinco ml e análise quantitativa do TTOT por meio de software específico. Resultados: Houve ampla variação no TTOT dentro da mesma consistência de alimento na DNM. Houve correlação entre o TTOT e o desempenho funcional global na consistência líquida espessada (r = −0,691) e para o TTOT e o desempenho bulbar na pastosa (r = −0,859). Conclusão: O tempo de trânsito oral total na DNM varia dentro da mesma consistência de alimento e quanto mais longo o TTOT, independente da consistência do alimento, menor foi o desempenho funcional na DNM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bulbar Palsy, Progressive/physiopathology , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Deglutition/physiology , Eating/physiology , Physical Functional Performance , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Bulbar Palsy, Progressive/complications , Reference Values , Time Factors , Beverages , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Analysis of Variance , Food , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications
2.
CoDAS ; 31(6): e20180160, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039622

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar os resíduos faríngeos por consistência de alimento entre indivíduos com disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica. Método Estudo clínico transversal. Realizada análise de 30 exames de videoendoscopia de deglutição de indivíduos com diagnóstico de doenças neurológicas e disfagia orofaríngea, independentemente do tempo ou estágio das doenças. Os indivíduos foram divididos em três grupos: o grupo I composto por 10 indivíduos pós-Acidente Vascular Cerebral, 8 homens e 2 mulheres, faixa etária entre 51 e 80 anos (média 67 anos); o grupo II por 10 indivíduos com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica, 5 homens e 5 mulheres, faixa etária entre 39 e 78 anos (média 57 anos), e o grupo III por 10 indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson (DP), 5 homens e 5 mulheres, faixa etária entre 65 e 88 anos (média 74 anos). Para análise dos resíduos faríngeos em valéculas e seios piriformes, foi aplicada a Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, considerando a primeira deglutição de 5 mL nas consistências pastosa e líquida espessada, por dois juízes independentes e de forma cega. Resultados Não houve diferença estatística significativa nos resíduos faríngeos, em valéculas (p= 0,25/ p= 0,18) e seios piriformes (p= 1,41/ 0,49), respectivamente nas consistências pastosa e líquida espessada, nas diferentes doenças estudadas. Conclusão Os níveis de resíduos faríngeos na consistência pastosa ou líquida espessada na população estudada foram semelhantes e mais frequentes nos níveis menos grave.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare pharyngeal residues of different consistencies among groups of individuals with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia. Methods In a cross-sectional study, a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation was performed in 30 swallowing exams of individuals diagnosed with neurological disease and oropharyngeal dysphagia, regardless of the time or stage of the disease. The individuals were divided into three groups according to etiology: group I, 10 post-stroke, 8 male and 2 female, aged 51 to 80 years (average age: 67 years); group II, 10 individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 5 male and 5 female, aged 39 to 78 years (average age: 57 years); group III, 10 examinations of individuals with Parkinson's disease, 5 male and 5 female aged 65-88 years (average age: 74 years). The Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale was applied by two independent raters in a blind manner for the analysis of pharyngeal residues in valleculae and pyriform sinuses based on the first swallowing of 5 mL of pureed and thickened liquid. Results No statistically significant difference was observed among groups in the degree of pharyngeal residues of puree food or thickened liquid in the valleculae (p = 0.25/p = 0.18) or the pyriform sinuses (p = 1.41/0.49). Conclusion The pharyngeal residue levels of pureed and thickened liquid were similar for the groups studied, with less severe levels being more frequent.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Parkinson Disease/complications , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Stroke/complications , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Video Recording , Severity of Illness Index , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Deglutition Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Stroke/physiopathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Laryngoscopy
3.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2019. 177 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1026605

ABSTRACT

Lipids are a diverse and ubiquitous group of compounds, which have several biological functions such as structural components of cell membranes, energy storage, and participation in signaling pathways. Free radicals or reactive oxygen species could attack polyunsaturated fatty acid esterified to phospholipids generating oxidized products. Once oxidized, lipids are able to modify amino acids residues in proteins leading to modulation signaling pathways and cellular redox balance. Furthermore, alteration of lipid homeostasis is also linked to development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The purposes of this study were (i) to investigate the role of lipids in protein aggregation, (ii) to investigate the plasma lipidome of an ALS rat model (SOD1G93A rats), and (iii) to investigate the effect of high-fat diet in plasma lipidome of an ALS rat model. In chapters 1 and 2, the interaction between cytochrome c (cytc) and cardiolipin hydroperoxide (CLOOH), as well as cholesterol hydroperoxide (ChOOH) promoted protein aggregation. Mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic peptides from CLOOH-containing reaction revealed K72 and H26 consistently modified by 4- hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Further, adduction of K27, K73 and K88 were detected with 4- oxynonenal (4-ONE). For the first time, we characterized the dityrosine cross-linked peptides at Y48-Y74, Y48-97 and Y74-Y97 in oligomeric cytc. Similarly, ChOOH-containing reaction showed dityrosine cross-linked peptides at Y48-Y48, Y48-Y74 and Y48-Y97 in dimeric cytc. In accordance to previous studies, the proposed mechanism under covalent protein oligomerization mediated by lipid hydroperoxide could be related to modification of lysine and tyrosine residues. In chapter 3, we characterized the lipid composition of blood plasma in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), since dysregulation of lipid metabolism is increasingly associated with neuropathology. Using untargeted lipidomics approach based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, we found main alterations in triglycerides, phospholipids and sphingolipids in symptomatic ALS rats relative to controls. Additionally, for the first time we reported acylceramides species in the plasma. In order to investigate the source of these lipid alterations, we analyzed the lipid content of fractioned lipoproteins. Triglycerides and phospholipids were found in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), while acylceramides and hexosylceramides were found enriched in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In chapter 4, high-fat diet containing lard or high-fish oil as much as 60% of total lipids has both the largest change on plasma lipid composition. Overall survival was not statistically different when compared to control diet. Increased levels of acylceramides, hexosylceramides and acylcarnitines were observed in ALS rats fed a control diet or high-fat diet in comparison to WT controls. Importantly, untargeted lipidomic analysis of blood plasma highlighted acylceramide d18:1/24:1+20:4 as potential biomarkers of ALS progression. Thus, our lipidomic analysis provides a novel insight into the molecular level event driving molecular dysregulation in ALS. Additional research is needed to determine the effect of plasma lipid alteration on motor neuron process and energetic metabolism. Collectively, our findings reinforce the idea that lipids play a relevant role in modulating cellular processes linked to protein aggregation and neurodegeneration


Os lipídeos são moléculas que possuem várias funções biológicas importantes, atuando como componente de membranas celulares, servindo com fonte de reserva de energia e participando de vias de sinalização. Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados esterificados aos fosfolipídeos, por exemplo, são potenciais alvos para o ataque de radicais livres gerando produtos oxidados que são capazes de modificar resíduos de aminoácidos em proteínas levando a modulação das vias de sinalização e balanço redox. Por outro lado, alteração na homeostase do metabolismo dos lipídeos está relacionada ao desenvolvimento e progressão de doenças neurodegenerativas. Tendo em vista a importância dos lipídeos nos processos biológicos, os objetivos desse estudo foram (i) investigar o papel dos lipídeos na agregação proteica (capítulo 1 e 2), (ii) investigar as alterações na composição lipídica do plasma de rato modelo SOD1G93A de esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) (capítulo 3) e (iii) investigar o efeito da suplementação de dietas hiperlipídicas na composição lipídica do plasma de rato modelo SOD1G93A (capítulo 4). No capítulo 1 e 2, a interação do citocromo c (citc) com hidroperóxido de cardiolipina (CLOOH) e hidroperóxido de colesterol (ChOOH) promove a agregação covalente do citc. Análise por nLC-MS/MS dos peptídeos digeridos identificou resíduos de lisina (K72) e histidina (H26) modificado por 4-hidroxininenal (4-HNE), enquanto os resíduos K27, K73 e K88 foram modificados por 4-oxinonenal (4-ONE). Pela primeira vez, nós caracterizamos ditirosinas (Y48-Y74, Y48-97 e Y74-Y97) na reação do citc com CLOOH. Também foram caracterizadas ditirosinas envolvendo os resíduos Y48-Y48, Y48-Y74 e Y48-Y97 na reação com ChOOH. Esses resultados corroboram com estudos anteriores que sugerem um mecanismo de agregação proteica envolvendo a perda da carga positiva de lisina e formação de ditirosina pela combinação de radicais de tirosil. No capítulo 3, a análise da composição lipídica do plasma de ratos SOD1G93A utilizando LC-MS/MS revelou alterações significativas na composição de triglicérides, glicerofosfolipídeos e esfingolipídeos em ratos sintomáticos comparado com os assintomáticos. É importante destacar que pela primeira vez acilceramidas foram identificadas em plasma de rato modelo para ALS. Análise da composição lipídica de lipoproteínas isoladas, maior fonte de lipídeos circulantes no plasma, mostraram alterações de triglicérides e glicerofosfolipídeos em VLDL. As acilceramidas e as hexosilceramidas, por sua vez, foram encontradas em maior abundância em HDL. No capítulo 4, a suplementação com dietas hiperlipídicas (rica em banha de porco e óleo de peixe) alterou significativamente o perfil lipídico do plasma em relação a doença. Contudo, não foi observado aumento significativo na sobrevida dos ratos ALS comparado com dieta controle. Independente da dieta, a concentração plasmática de acilcarnitina, hexosilceramidas e acilceramidas foram significativamente aumentadas em ratos ALS comparado com WT. A análise do perfil lipídico do plasma mostrou que a acilceramida d18:1/24:1+20:4 pode ser um potencial marcador de progressão da ALS. Dessa forma, os resultados mostrados fornecem uma visão enriquecedora sobre o evento a nível molecular que conduz a desregulação lipídica na ELA. Coletivamente, nossos resultados reforçam a importância dos lipídeos na modulação dos processos celulares ligados a agregação de proteínas e na neurodegeneração


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Lipids/analysis , Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Protein Aggregation, Pathological/classification
4.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 54(3): 22-27, jul.-ago. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-948073

ABSTRACT

A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) esporádica é uma doença neurodegenerativa que acomete o neurônio motor. Sua etiologia ainda não foi totalmente esclarecida e é considerada multifatorial. O objetivo desse trabalho é fazer uma revisão narrativa sobre os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da ELA esporádica, com foco no papel da neuroinflamação, além de descrever estudos envolvendo a pesquisa de biomarcadores de diagnóstico e prognóstico. O processo de neuroinflamação na ELA é considerado secundário às alterações que levam à morte neuronal, podendo influenciar na taxa de progressão da doença. Existem diversos estudos sobre o perfil dos fatores inflamatórios na ELA, por vezes com resultados contraditórios, reforçando a dificuldade de análise desses fatores num organismo dinâmico. Ainda assim, no contexto da ELA, o estudo de possíveis biomarcadores diagnósticos e/ou prognósticos é válido e de grande interesse, pois permitiria um avanço nos ensaios clínicos que buscam novos tratamentos, bem como na condução e planejamento de cada caso.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor neuron. Its etiology has not been fully clarified and is considered multifactorial. The aim of this sudy is to perform a narrative review on the pathophysiological mechanisms of sporadic ALS, focusing on the role of neuroinflammation. It will also discuss studies investigating diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Neuroinflammation in ALS is considered to be a secondary event, triggered by neuronal death, and it may influence disease progression. There are several studies on inflammatory factors in ALS, some with contradictory findings, reinforcing the difficulty of assessing these factors in a dynamic organism. Even so, in ALS context, the study of possible diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers is valid and of great interest. This may allow the advance of clinical trials that investigate new treatments, as well as the management of individual cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Inflammation/physiopathology , Biomarkers/blood , Longitudinal Studies , Inflammation Mediators , Disease Progression , Systematic Reviews as Topic
5.
CoDAS ; 30(5): e20170215, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952876

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Tem-se por objetivo discutir aspectos da atuação fonoaudiológica em disfagia, voltada para os cuidados paliativos e a qualidade de vida em deglutição. Trata-se de um estudo de quatro casos com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) em acompanhamento fonoaudiológico. Foi aplicado o questionário de qualidade de vida em disfagia (SWAL-QOL), realizada entrevista estruturada, classificação da funcionalidade da deglutição pela Funcional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), aplicação da escala de gravidade da ELA (EGELA), realizada videofluoroscopia da deglutição e classificação da severidade da disfagia pela Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale (DOSS). Observou-se que os casos apresentavam tempo de doença entre 12 e 35 meses e possuíam o desejo de manter uma via oral de alimentação, mesmo que mínima, em caso de aceitação da via alternativa de alimentação. Quanto à severidade da disfagia, observada por meio do exame de videofluoroscopia e classificada pela DOSS, apresentavam desde deglutição funcional até disfagia leve a moderada. O impacto na qualidade de vida em deglutição foi mensurado entre discreto e severo. Nem todos apresentavam correspondência entre a severidade da disfagia e a qualidade de vida em deglutição, sendo observado impacto na qualidade de vida, mesmo nos casos com menor grau de disfagia. Os participantes relataram que se sentiriam desconfortáveis em caso de alimentação exclusiva por via alternativa e que a ingestão de alimentos por via oral, mesmo que mínima, apenas pelo prazer da alimentação, refletiria em sua qualidade de vida.


ABSTRACT This study aims to discuss Speech-language pathology (SLP) therapy intervention in dysphagia with a focus on palliative care and quality of life. It is a case study conducted with four participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis undergoing SLP therapy outpatient follow-up. The Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) and a structured interview were applied to the participants, who also underwent Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS). Participants were classified according to the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Severity Scale, translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese (ALSSS), and the Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale (DOSS). Four patients showed interest in maintaining oral food intake, even if minimal, in the event of tube feeding. Regarding severity of dysphagia, observed in the SVF, the participants presented DOSS classification ranging from functional deglutition to mild-to-moderate dysphagia. The impact on swallowing quality of life was between discrete and severe. Not all participants presented correlation between severity of dysphagia and SWAL-QOL level of impairment, with impact on the quality of life observed even in cases of mild dysphagia severity. Participants reported that they would feel uncomfortable in the event of exclusive tube feeding, and that the oral intake of food, even if minimal only for the pleasure of eating, would have a direct or indirect impact on their quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Palliative Care , Quality of Life , Deglutition Disorders/therapy , Speech-Language Pathology , Deglutition/physiology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/psychology , Middle Aged
6.
J. appl. oral sci ; 26: e20170408, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-954518

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: To compare the molar bite force, electromyographic activity, chewing efficiency and thickness of the masseter and temporalis muscles in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and healthy individuals. Material and Methods: Thirty individuals enrolled in the study were divided into the study group (with ALS, n=15) and control group (healthy individuals, n=15). Data regarding molar bite force (right and left), electromyographic activity (mandibular rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, and maximum voluntary contraction), chewing efficiency (habitual and non-habitual), and masticatory muscle thickness (rest and maximum voluntary contraction) were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis (Student's t-test, p≤0.05). Results: Comparisons between the groups demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the electromyographic activity of the right masseter (p=0.03) and left masseter (p=0.03) muscles during mandibular rest; left masseter (p=0.00), right temporalis (p=0.00), and left temporalis (p=0.03) muscles during protrusion; and right masseter (p=0.00), left masseter (p=0.00), and left temporalis (p=0.00) muscles during left laterality, in individuals with ALS as compared with healthy individuals. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the habitual chewing efficiency of the right masseter (p=0.00) and right temporalis (p=0.04) muscles in individuals with ALS. No statistically significant difference between the groups was found the masticatory muscle thickness and maximal molar bite force. Conclusions: ALS may lead to modifications in the activities of the stomatognathic system, including muscular hyperactivity and reduction in chewing efficiency; however, no change has been observed in the masticatory muscle thickness and molar bite force.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Temporal Muscle/physiopathology , Bite Force , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Masseter Muscle/physiopathology , Mastication/physiology , Reference Values , Temporal Muscle/diagnostic imaging , Case-Control Studies , Anthropometry , Ultrasonography , Statistics, Nonparametric , Electromyography , Functional Laterality/physiology , Masseter Muscle/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged
7.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 53(4): 27-37, out.-dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-876891

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é definida como uma doença neurológica progressiva e inexorável, com cerca de 80% dos casos de etiologia desconhecida. Novos medicamentos têm emergido no tratamento de doenças neurodegenerativas, inclusive na ELA, redesenhando o modelo fisiopatológico. Dentre eles, destacam-se o uso da: Edaravone, Vitamina K2, Serina, Metilcobalamina, Pirroloquinolina quinona (PQQ), Ubiquinol e Glutationa. Especificamente na ELA, alguns já foram validados em estudos randomizados-controlados. Metodologia: Atualização da literatura (PUBMED, Medline) sobre a utilização desses fármacos em doenças neurológicas degenerativas, com enfoque para a Doença do Neurônio Motor (DNM-ELA), nos idiomas Português, Inglês, Espanhol e Francês, compreendidos entre os anos de (2010-2017). Discussão: A associação desses medicamentos tem mostrado resultados positivos em inúmeras doenças neurológicas. Alguns, como, por exemplo, a Metilcobalamina e o Edaravone,exerceriam mecanismos de ação capazes de interferir no processo de depleção dos neurônios motores da ponta anterior e do feixe piramidal em pacientes com ELA. Conclusão: Seria precipitado concluir que o uso associado desses fármacos poderia modificar ou mesmo restaurar os danos às unidades motoras; entretanto, faz-se necessário destacar seus mecanismos de ação e potencial capacidade de intervir na evolução da doença, principalmente, a partir de estudos em modelos fisiopatológico que culminam na degeneração dos neurônios motores.(AU)


Introduction: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is defined as a progressive and inexorable neurological disease, with about 80% of cases of unknown etiology. New drugs have emerged in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS, redesigning the pathophysiological model. Among them, the use of: Edaravone, Vitamin K2, Serine, Methylcobalamin, Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), Ubiquinol and Glutathione are noteworthy. Specifically in ALS, some have been validated in randomized controlled trials. Methodology: Update of the literature (PUBMED, Medline) on the use of these drugs in degenerative neurological diseases, with a focus on Motor Neuron Disease (DNM-ELA) in the Portuguese, English, Spanish and French languages, of (2010-2017). Discussion: The association of these drugs has shown positive results in neurological diseases. Some, such as Methylcobalamin and Edaravone, would exert mechanisms of action capable of interfering in the process of depletion of the motor neurons of the anterior horn and pyramidal tracts in patients with ALS. Conclusion: It would be precipitate to conclude that the associated use of these drugs could modify or even restore damage to motor units; however, it is necessary to highlight its mechanisms of action and potential ability to intervene in the evolution of the disease, mainly from studies in pathophysiological models that culminate in the degeneration of motor neurons (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy , Motor Neurons/pathology , Serine/therapeutic use , Vitamin K/therapeutic use , Review Literature as Topic , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
8.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2017. 121 p. tab, ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-884207

ABSTRACT

Danos em biomoléculas podem ocorrer a partir de uma interação direta entre as biomoléculas e espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio como também, pela reação de produtos secundários dessas espécies como eletrófilos gerados na peroxidação lipídica. Alguns desses produtos secundários possuem estabilidade química maior que as espécies reativas das quais foram derivadas e podem se ligar covalentemente as biomoléculas comprometendo o funcionamento normal das mesmas. Portanto, modificações em proteínas por aldeídos gerados na lipoperoxidação têm sido investigadas por suas implicações com desordens patológicas relacionadas à agregação proteica, e modificações em diversas vias de sinalização amplificando os efeitos deletérios em sistemas biológicos. Os objetivos desse trabalho foi contribuir na elucidação dos mecanismos moleculares associados ao desenvolvimento da esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) através da identificação, caracterização e quantificação de modificações póstraducionais em proteínas pelos aldeídos 4-hidroxi-2-hexenal (HHE) e trans-4-hidroxi-2-nonenal (HNE) in vitro (citocromo c) e in vivo (modelo ELA) a partir de técnicas de Western blot, imunoprecipitação e espectrometria de massa com abordagem proteômica de "shotgun" em ratosSOD1G93A modelo de esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Estudos com citocromo c mostraram a ligação dos aldeídos ao citocromo c e mecanismos de reação foram propostos. Foram encontrados seis peptídeos modificados por HHE e um para o HNE, e o peptídeo TGPNLHGLFGR se mostrou modificado pelos dois aldeídos paralelamente. Foi demonstrado que a histidina 33 é um "hot spot" frente as adições pelos aldeídos. Nas análises por western blot das proteínas ligadas a aldeídos foi possível observar uma tendência de aumento na concentração de proteínas ligadas ao HNE nos animais ELA, mais acentuada nas amostras de 70 dias comparadas ao controle. Com relação aos resultados obtidos com HHE tanto os animais pré-sintomáticos quanto os sintomáticos não apresentaram diferenças de HHE-proteína, tantonos controles quanto nos animais ELA. Nas amostras dos animais sintomáticos não detectamos diferença significativa na concentração de aldeído-proteína entre os grupos. Já as análises proteômicas revelaram 24 proteínas diferencialmente expressas, com destaque para proteínas com os maiores valores de significância (p-value), como a ubiquitina no grupo dos pré- sintomáticos e a neurogranina, no grupo dos animais sintomáticos e várias proteínas de metabolismo energético, de neurofilamentos, proteínas de processos redox e proteínas ligadas o metabolismo de cálcio (fundamentais na fisiopatologia em ELA). Algumas proteínas importantes foram encontradas com exclusividades nos grupos pré-sintomáticos e sintomáticos pelo diagrama de Venn. Com relação a proteínas modificadas pelos aldeídos, foram encontradas algumas relevantes como a proteína 2 de interação com a polimerase delta que foi modificada por HNE via adição de Michael encontrada nos animais ELA pré-sintomáticos e sintomáticos, a catalase que foi encontrada modificada por HNE via base de Schiff apenas nos ELA pré- sintomáticos, e a tiol redutase induzível por interferon gama no grupo dos animais ELA sintomáticos. Com relação a proteínas modificadas por HHE, foram encontradas a Janus quinase e proteína 3 de interação com microtúbulo, modificadas tanto por adição de Michael quanto via base de Schiff nos animais ELA sintomáticos. É interessante ressaltar que algumas modificações encontradas em proteínas não caracterizadas podem indicar proteínas novas ainda não descritas como modificadas por esses aldeídos. Os resultados mostram que algumas das proteínas modificadas por HNE e HHE encontradas neste trabalho, estão relacionadas ao estresse redox, vias metabólicas energéticas, proteínas envolvidas na resposta a danos oxidativos, e processos inflamatórios. Tais modificações ocorrem não só no modelo de neurodegeneração, mas foram previamente descritas em outros processos patológicos, como doença cardiovascular, lesão hepática por uso crônico de álcool


Damage to biomolecules can occur from a direct interaction between biomolecules and reactive of oxygen and nitrogen species as well as from the reaction of secondary products of these species as electrophiles generated in lipid peroxidation. Some of these by-products have greater chemical stability than the derived reactive species and can bind to biomolecules compromising their normal function. Therefore, protein modifications by aldehydes generated during lipoperoxidation have been investigated for their implications with pathological disorders related to protein aggregation and modifications in signaling pathways amplifying the deleterious effects in biological systems. The aim of this work was to contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through the identification, characterization and quantification of posttranslational modifications in proteins by 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) and trans-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) in vitro, cytochrome c, and in vivo, rat model (SOD1G93A) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), throught Western blot techniques, and mass spectrometry with shotgun proteomics approach. The results showed the binding of aldehydes to cytochrome c. Six peptides were modified by HHE and one by HNE. The peptide TGPNLHGLFGR was modified by the two aldehydes. Histidine 33 has been shown to be a hot spot against aldehydes additions. By western blot analysis of the aldehyde-bound proteins, it was possible to observe a tendency of increase in the concentration of HNE-bound proteins in the ALS animals, more pronounced in the samples of 70 days compared to control samples. Regarding the results obtained with HHE, both pre-symptomatic and symptomatic animals did not show HHE-protein differences, both in controls and in ALS animals. We did not detect a significant difference in the aldehyde-protein concentration between the groups in the samples of the symptomatic animals. Proteomic analysis revealed 24 differentially expressed proteins, with emphasis on proteins with thehighest values of significance (p-value), such as the ubiquitin in the pre-symptomatic group and neurogranin in the group of the symptomatic animals and several proteins of the energetic metabolism pathways, neurofilaments, proteins of redox processes and proteins linked to calcium metabolism (fundamental in the pathophysiology of ALS). Some important proteins were found exclusivity in the pre-symptomatic and symptomatic groups by the Venn diagram. With regard to aldehyde-modified proteins, some relevant ones such as Delta-2 polymerase interaction protein, that was modified by HNE via the addition of Michael found in presymptomatic and symptomatic ELA animals, catalase that was found to be modified by HNE via Schiff's base only in pre-symptomatic ALS, and gamma interferon-inducible thiol reductase in the group of symptomatic ALS animals. Janus kinase and microtubule interaction protein 3, were found to be modified by Michael addition and Schiff base pathway respectively in symptomatic ALS animals. It is interesting to note that some modifications found in uncharacterized proteins may indicate new proteins not yet described as modified by these aldehydes. The results show that some of the proteins modified by HNE and HHE found in this work are related to redox stress, energetic metabolic pathways, proteins involved in the response to oxidative damage, and inflammatory processes. Such modifications occur not only in the neurodegeneration model, but were previously described in other pathological processes, such as cardiovascular disease, liver injury due to chronic alcohol use


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Proteins/analysis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Biomarkers/metabolism , Blotting, Western/methods , Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins , Proteomics/instrumentation , Cytochromes c , Protein Modification, Translational , Aldehydes/analysis , Chromatography, Reverse-Phase/methods , Genotyping Techniques/instrumentation
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(10): 849-854, Oct. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-796839

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Motor neuron disease is one of the major groups of neurodegenerative diseases, mainly represented by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Despite wide genetic and biochemical data regarding its pathophysiological mechanisms, motor neuron disease develops under a complex network of mechanisms not restricted to the unique functions of the alpha motor neurons but which actually involve diverse functions of glial cell interaction. This review aims to expose some of the leading roles of glial cells in the physiological mechanisms of neuron-glial cell interactions and the mechanisms related to motor neuron survival linked to glial cell functions.


RESUMO A doença do neurônio motor constitui um dos principais grupos de doenças neurodegenerativas, representadas principalmente pela esclerose lateral amiotrófica. Apesar dos amplos dados genéticos e bioquímicos em relação aos seus mecanismos fisiopatológicos, a doença do neurônio motor se desenvolve sob uma complexa rede de mecanismos não restritos às funções particulares dos neurônios motores alfa, mas, na verdade, envolvendo diversas funções interativas das células da glia. Esta revisão tem como objetivo expor alguns dos principais papéis das células da glia nos mecanismos fisiológicos de interações neurônio-glia e os mecanismos relacionados à sobrevivência do neurônio motor ligados a funções das células da glia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Neuroglia/physiology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology , Motor Neurons/physiology , Neuroglia/chemistry , Glutamic Acid/physiology , Medical Illustration , Motor Neurons/chemistry , Nerve Growth Factors/physiology
10.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 20(4): 336-344, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792715

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background The effects of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) on the breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are unknown. Objectives 1) To analyze the influence of NIV on chest wall volumes and motion assessed by optoelectronic plethysmography in ALS patients and 2) to compare these parameters in the supine and sitting positions to those of healthy individuals (without NIV). Method Nine ALS patients were evaluated in the supine position using NIV. In addition, the ALS patients and nine healthy individuals were evaluated in both sitting and supine positions. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired Student t-test or Wilcoxon test and the Student t-test for independent samples or Mann-Whitney U test. Results Chest wall volume increased significantly with NIV, mean volume=0.43 (SD=0.16)L versus 0.57 (SD=0.19)L (p=0.04). No significant changes were observed for the pulmonary rib cage, abdominal rib cage, or abdominal contribution. The index of the shortening velocity of the diaphragmatic muscle, mean=0.15 (SD=0.05)L/s versus 0.21 (SD=0.05)L/s (p<0.01), and abdominal muscles, mean=0.09 (SD=0.02)L/s versus 0.14 (SD=0.06)L/s (p<0.01), increased during NIV. Comparisons between the supine and sitting positions showed similar changes in chest wall motion in both groups. However, the ALS patients presented a significantly lower contribution of the abdomen in the supine position compared with the controls, mean=56 (SD=13) versus 69 (SD=10) (p=0.02). Conclusions NIV improved chest wall volumes without changing the contribution of the chest wall compartment in ALS patients. In the supine position, ALS patients had a lower contribution of the abdomen, which may indicate early diaphragmatic dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Posture/physiology , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Thoracic Wall/physiology , Noninvasive Ventilation , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Plethysmography , Biomechanical Phenomena
11.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 11(1): 40-44, jul. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869792

ABSTRACT

La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA), es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que deteriora gradualmente las motoneuronas. La corteza cerebral es una de las áreas más afectadas durante la evolución de la ELA, comprometiendo además, regiones del tronco encefálico y los núcleos basales. Los daños provocados por esta enfermedad, ocurren a nivel neuromotor y respiratorio, siendo ésta última, la causa de los decesos en pacientes que la padecen. La Calidad de Vida (CV), en las poblaciones con esta enfermedad, tiende a decrecer significativamente, y los métodos de diagnóstico y previsión son poco efectivos para detectar la ELA y abordarla eficazmente. Es necesaria una labor mancomunada e interdisciplinaria para conseguir mejorar el grado de CV en estospacientes y en sus cuidadores.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that gradually deteriorates motor neurons. The cerebral cortex is one of the most affected areas during the course of ALS committing regions of the brainstem and basal ganglia. The damage caused by this disease occurs on a neuromotor and respiratory level; being this the last cause of deaths in patients who have it. The Quality of Life (QoL) in populations with this disease tends to decrease significantly, and the methods of diagnosis and forecasting are ineffective when detecting ALS and address it effectively. More interdisciplinary studies need to be done in order to improve the degree of QoL in patients that have ALS and their caregivers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy , Motor Neurons , Neuropathology , Quality of Life
12.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(10): 873-876, Oct. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761531

ABSTRACT

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neuromuscular disease, resulting in respiratory muscle weakness, reduced pulmonary volumes, ineffective cough, secretion retention, and respiratory failure. Measures as vital capacity, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, cough peak flow and pulse oximetry are recommended to monitor the respiratory function. The patients should be followed up by a multidisciplinary team, focused in improving the quality of life and deal with the respiratory symptoms. The respiratory care approach includes airway clearance techniques, mechanically assisted cough and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Vaccination and respiratory pharmacological support are also recommended. To date, there is no enough evidence supporting the inspiratory muscle training and diaphragmatic pacing.


Esclerose lateral amiotrófica é uma doença neuromuscular progressiva que resulta em fraqueza muscular, redução dos volumes pulmonares, tosse ineficaz, retenção de secreção e insuficiência respiratória. Medidas como a capacidade vital, pressão inspiratória e pressão expiratória máximas, pressão inspiratória máxima nasal, pico de fluxo de tosse e oximetria de pulso são recomendados para monitorar a função respiratória. Os pacientes devem ser acompanhados por uma equipe multidisciplinar, buscando melhorias na qualidade de vida e melhores estratégias para lidar com os sintomas respiratórios. A abordagem de cuidados respiratórios inclui técnicas de desobstrução das vias respiratórias, tosse assistida mecanicamente e ventilação mecânica não invasiva. Vacinação e suporte farmacológico também são recomendados. Até o momento, não existem provas suficientes que suportam o treinamento muscular inspiratório e a estimulação diafragmática.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiratory Therapy/methods , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Muscle Strength , Muscle Weakness/physiopathology , Pulmonary Gas Exchange , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Spirometry
13.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(3): 203-207, 03/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-704064

ABSTRACT

Objective This investigation aimed to identify associated factors with dysphagia severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Method We performed a cross-sectional study of 49 patients with ALS. All patients underwent fiberoptic endoscopy evaluation of swallowing and answered a verbal questionnaire about swallowing complaints. The patients were divided into groups according to dysphagia severity. Results Among the factors analyzed, only odynophagia was associated with moderate or severe dysphagia. Conclusion Odynophagia was associated with moderate and severe dysphagia in ALS and suggests a high risk of pulmonary and nutritional complications. .


Objetivo Identificar fatores associados com a gravidade da disfagia na esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Método Estudo transversal incluindo 49 sujeitos com esclerose lateral amiotrófica. Todos foram submetidos à videoendoscopia da deglutição e responderam a um questionário sobre queixas de deglutição. Foram divididos em grupos de acordo com a gravidade da disfagia. Resultados Dentre os fatores estudados, apenas a odinofagia foi significantemente associada à disfagia moderada ou grave. Conclusão A odinofagia foi associada à disfagia moderada ou grave na ELA e sua presença sugere maior risco para complicações pulmonares e nutricionais. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications , Chest Pain/etiology , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Age of Onset , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Lung Diseases/etiology , Malnutrition/etiology , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires
14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(3): 146-152, mar. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-668758

ABSTRACT

Objective It was study the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and forced vital capacity (FVC) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) versus healthy subjects. Methods Pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength [maximal inspiratory (PImax), maximal expiratory (PEmax) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP)] were assessed in patients with ALS and healthy subjects, matched using cutoffs established in the literature for impaired pulmonary function and respiratory muscle weakness. Results Twenty-eight ALS patients and 28 healthy subjects were studied. We found sensitivity and specificity for PImax, PEmax and SNIP of 75/58%, 81/67% and 75/67%. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC curve) indicated that the variables PImax, PEmax and SNIP can identify differences in respiratory muscle strength between ALS and healthy individuals at 0.89, 0.9 and 0.82, respectively. A positive correlation was recorded between FVC (%) versus SNIP, PImax and PEmax. Conclusion In ALS, monitoring respiratory muscle strength assists in early diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction as opposed to the isolated use of FVC. .


Objetivo Estudar a relação entre a força dos músculos respiratórios e a capacidade vital forçada (CVF) em pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) e sujeitos saudáveis. Métodos Avaliamos a função pulmonar e a força dos músculos respiratórios [pressão inspiratória (PImax), pressão expiratória (PEmax) e pressão inspiratória nasal de sniff (SNIP)] utilizando pontos de corte estabelecidos na literatura para diagnóstico de fraqueza muscular respiratória. Resultados Foram estudados 28 pacientes com ELA e 28 sujeitos saudáveis. Encontramos sensibilidade e especificidade para PImax, PEmax e SNIP de 75/58%, 81/67% e 75/67%. A curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) indicou que as variáveis PImax, PEmax e SNIP podem identificar diferenças na força dos músculos respiratórios em pacientes com ELA versus sujeitos saudáveis em 0,89, 0,9 e 0,82 respectivamente. Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva entre CVF (%) e SNIP, PImax e PEmax. Conclusão Em pacientes com ELA, o monitoramento da força muscular respiratória auxilia no diagnóstico precoce da disfunção em detrimento do uso da CVF isolada. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Respiration , Respiration Disorders/diagnosis , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Muscle Weakness/physiopathology , Reference Values , Respiration Disorders/physiopathology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors , Vital Capacity/physiology
15.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 69(4): 699-706, Aug. 2011.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-596840

ABSTRACT

This article briefly describes the already known clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms underlying sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, namely excitoxicity, oxidative stress, protein damage, inflammation, genetic abnormalities and neuronal death. Thereafter, it puts forward the hypothesis that astrocytes may be the cells which serve as targets for the harmful action of a still unknown environmental agent, while neuronal death may be a secondary event following the initial insult to glial cells. The article also suggests that an emergent virus or a misfolded infectious protein might be potential candidates to accomplish this task.


El artículo presente describe, brevemente, las características clínicas y los mecanismos patogénicos de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica esporádica, tales como la excitotoxicidad, el stress oxidativo, el daño proteico, la inflamación, las anormalidades genéticas y la muerte neuronal. Luego de ello, sugiere la posibilidad hipotética de que los astrocitos podrían ser el blanco primario de la acción de una agente ambiental, externo, aún desconocido, y que la muerte neuronal aconteciera secundariamente a ese daño astrocitario inicial. El artículo concluye discutiendo la posibilidad de que un virus ambiental o endógeno o una proteína mal plegada, que adquiriera características de infectividad, puedan ser la causa de la enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/etiology , Astrocytes/pathology , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Cell Death/physiology , Glutamic Acid/metabolism , Neurons/physiology , Neurotoxins/metabolism , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
16.
Acta cir. bras ; 25(3): 281-289, May-June 2010. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-546835

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that displays a rapid evolution. Current treatments have failed to revert clinical symptoms because the mechanisms involved in the death of motoneuron are still unknown. Recent publications have put non-neuronal cells, particularly, astrocyte and microglia, in the scenario of pathophisiology of the disease. Animal models for ALS, particularly transgenic mice expressing the human SOD1 gene with a G93A mutation (hSOD1), are available and display the phenotype of the disease at cellular and clinical levels. However, it is a lack of detailed information regarding the methods to study the disease in vitro to better understand the contribution of non-neuronal cells in the onset and progression of the pathology. METHODS: Colonies of Swiss mice and transgenic mice expressing hSOD1 mutation as well as non-transgenic controls (wild-type) were amplified after a genotyping evaluation. Disease progression was followed behaviorally and mortality was registered. Highly purified primary cultures of astrocytes and microglia from mouse spinal cord were obtained. Cells were identified by means of GFAP and CD11B immunocytochemistry. The purity of astroglial and microglial cell cultures was also accompanied by means of Western blot and RT-PCR analyses employing a number of markers. RESULTS: The disease onset was about 105 days and the majority of transgenic mice displayed the disease symptoms by 125 days of age and reached the endpoint 20 days later. A substantial motor weakens was registered in the transgenic mice compared to wild-type at the end point. Immunocytochemical, biochemical and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated a highly purified primary cultures of spinal cord astrocytes and microglia. CONCLUSION: It is possible to achieve highly purified primary cultures of spinal cord astrocytes and microglia to be employed in cellular and molecular analyses of the influence of such non-neuronal cells in the pathophysiology of ALS.


OBJETIVO: A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa fatal com evolução rápida. Os tratamentos atualmente disponíveis falham em reverter os sintomas porque os mecanismos envolvidos na morte do neurônio motor ainda não são conhecidos. Publicações recentes colocam as células não neuronais, particularmente o astrócito e a microglia, no cenário da fisiopatologia da doença. Modelos animais para a ELA, particularmente os camundongos transgênicos que expressam o gene da SOD1 humana (hSOD1) mutante estão disponíveis e mostram o fenótipo da doença ao nível celular e clínico. Entretanto, informações detalhadas são escassas sobre os métodos de estudo da doença in vitro para a melhor compreensão da participação das células não neuronais no início e na progressão da patologia. MÉTODOS: Colônias de camundongos Swiss e camundongos transgênicos que expressam a hSOD1 mutante assim como os controles não transgênicos (selvagem) foram amplificadas após avaliação genotípica. A progressão da doença foi acompanhada pelo comportamento e a mortalidade foi registrada. Culturas primárias altamente purificadas de astrócitos e microglia da medula espinal dos camundongos foram obtidas. As células foram identificadas pela immunocitoquímica da GFAP e CD11B. A pureza das culturas de astrócitos e microglia foi acompanhada pelas análises do Western blot e RT-PCR empregando-se marcadores específicos. RESULTADOS: Os primeiros sinais da doença ocorreram por volta dos 105 dias de vida e a maioria dos camundongos transgênicos já estava com a doença manifestada aos 125 dias de idade e alcançaram o estágio terminal aproximadamente 20 dias depois. Fraqueza substancial da força muscular foi registrada nos animais transgênicos comparados com os animais selvagens. Análises imuncitoquímica, bioquímica e pelo RT-PCR demonstraram culturas primárias altamente purificadas de astrócito e microglia da medula espinal dos camundongos. CONCLUSÃO: É possível obter culturas purificadas de astrócitos e microglia da medula espinal do camundongo a ser empregadas em análises celulares e moleculares da influência destas células não neuronais na fisiopatologia da ELA.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology , Astrocytes/pathology , Microglia/pathology , Superoxide Dismutase/genetics , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Blotting, Western , Cell Culture Techniques , Disease Models, Animal , Gene Expression , Immunohistochemistry , Mice, Transgenic , Neuroglia/pathology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Spinal Cord/cytology
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(1): 44-47, Feb. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-541186

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is the cross-cultural, as well as to validate in Portuguese language the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - Revised (ALSFRS-R). We performed a prospective study of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinically defined. The scale, after obtaining the final version in Portuguese, was administered in 22 individuals and three weeks after re-applied. There were no significant differences between the application and reapplication of the scale (p=0.069). The linear regression and internal consistency measured by Pearson correlation and alpha Conbrach were significant with r=0.975 e α=0.934. The reliability test-retest demonstrated by intraclass correlation coefficient was strong with ICC=0.975. Therefore, this version proved to be applicable, reliable and easy to be conducted in clinical practice and research.


O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural, bem como validar na língua portuguesa a Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - Revised (ALSFRS-R). Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo com indivíduos com esclerose lateral amiotrófica clinicamente definida. A escala, após a obtenção da sua versão final em português, foi aplicada em 22 indivíduos em dois momentos com intervalo de três semanas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a aplicação e reaplicação da escala (p=0,069). A fidedignidade e a consistência interna mensuradas pela correlação de Pearson e alfa de Conbrach foram significativos com r=0,975 e α=0,934, respectivamente. A confiabilidade evidenciada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi forte com ICC=0,975. Portanto, a versão em português da ALSFRS-R demonstrou ser reprodutível, confiável, de fácil aplicação e compreensão para prática clínica e pesquisa.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Disability Evaluation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Brazil , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Cultural Characteristics , Language , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Translations , Young Adult
18.
São Paulo; s.n; 2010. 98 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-593588

ABSTRACT

A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa que afeta os neurônios motores levando a atrofia muscular e morte por insuficiência respiratória. Esta patologia se manifesta de forma esporádica ou familiar, que são indistinguíveis clinicamente. Mutações na enzima antioxidante superóxido dismutase 1 (hSod1) respondem por aproximadamente 20% dos casos familiares de ELA. Além disso, o caráter autossômico dominante destas mutações revela que a hSod1 adquire propriedades tóxicas aos neurônios motores. Atualmente, duas hipóteses não mutuamente excludentes existem para explicar o caráter tóxico das mutantes da hSod1 relacionadas à ELA. A primeira refere-se à produção de oxidantes pela atividade peroxidásica exacerbada das mutantes contribuindo para o estresse oxidativo observado em ELA. A segunda refere-se à agregação de proteínas como ocorre em outras doenças neurodegenerativas. Digno de nota, o radical carbonato produzido na atividade peroxidásica da hSod1 causa a formação de um dímero covalente da proteína análogo a uma espécie de hSod1 frequentemente detectada em modelos experimentais e pacientes da doença e associada à propriedade tóxica das mutantes. Desta forma, o presente trabalho buscou esclarecer o mecanismo de produção do radical carbonato pela hSod1, bem como caracterizar o dímero covalente da proteína para posterior estudo de sua formação em um modelo de ELA em ratos que superexpressam a mutante G93A da hSod1. Os estudos cinéticos da variação do pH sobre os efeitos de bicarbonato/CO2, nitrito e formato na atividade peroxidásica da hSod1, medidos pelo consumo de peróxido de hidrogênio e produção de radical, permitiram excluir o mecanismo de Fenton para explicar o ciclo peroxidativo da enzima em tampão bicarbonato em favor de outros intermediários reativos. Já, os experimentos de 13C RMN, modelagem molecular e cinética de fluxo interrompido com mistura assimétrica demonstraram que o ânion peroxomonocarbonato constitui o precursor...


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of motors neurons that causes muscle atrophy, weakness, and death by respiratory failure. This pathology occurs in both sporadic and familiar forms that are clinically indistinguishable. Mutations in the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (hSod1) respond to about 20% of the familiar cases of ALS. Besides, the autosomal dominant nature of these hSod1-associated ALS suggests that the mutants gain toxic properties to motor neurons. Currently, two hypotheses exist to explain the toxicity of hSod1 mutants but they do not exclude each other. The first one is related to the production of oxidants by the increased peroxidase activity of the ALS-linked mutants that could contribute to the oxidative stress reported in ALS. The second refers to protein aggregation as proposed in other neurodegenerative diseases. Noteworthy, the carbonate radical produced during hSod1 peroxidase activity leads to the formation of a covalent dimer of the protein similar to a hSod1 species often detected in experimental models and patients of the disease and implicated in the toxic properties of hSod1 mutants. Thus, the present work aimed to determine the mechanism of carbonate radical production by hSod1 and to characterize the covalent dimer of the protein in vitro followed by the study of covalent aggregates of hSod1 in a rat model of ALS that overexpresses the G93A mutant of the protein. The kinetic studies of the effect of bicarbonate/CO2, nitrite and formate in the peroxidase activity of hSod1 at various pH, measured by hydrogen peroxide consumption and radical production, permitted to exclude the Fenton mechanism to explain the enzyme peroxidative cycle in bicarbonate buffer in favor of other reactive intermediates. Furthermore, 13C NMR, molecular docking and stopped-flow experiments with asymmetric mixing demonstrated that the anion peroxomonocarbonate is the precursor of the carbonate radical produced by...


Subject(s)
Dimerization , Enzyme Activation , Enzymes , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Peroxidase , Superoxide Dismutase/chemistry , Free Radicals , Biomarkers/analysis , Biomarkers/chemistry , Neurodegenerative Diseases
19.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 392-397, 2010.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-40404

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate how respiratory muscle strength correlates to cough capacity in patients with respiratory muscle weakness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 43 with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), and 42 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were recruited. Pulmonary function tests including forced vital capacity (FVC) and respiratory muscle strength (maximal expiratory pressure, MEP; maximal inspiratory pressure, MIP) were performed. The correlation between respiratory muscle strength and cough capacity was analyzed. RESULTS: In the SCI group, FVC in a supine position (2,597 +/- 648 mL) was significantly higher than FVC in a sitting position (2,304 +/- 564 mL, p < 0.01). Conversely, in the ALS group, FVC sitting (1,370 +/- 604 mL) was significantly higher than in supine (1,168 +/- 599 mL, p < 0.01). In the DMD group, there was no statistically significant difference between FVC while sitting (1,342 +/- 506 mL) and FVC while supine (1,304 +/- 500 mL). In addition, the MEP and MIP of all three groups showed a significant correlation with peak cough flow (PCF) (p < 0.01, Pearson's correlation analysis). In the SCI group, MIP was more closely correlated with PCF, while in the ALS and DMD groups, MEP was more closely correlated with PCF (p < 0.01, multiple regression analysis). CONCLUSION: To generate cough flow, inspiratory muscle strength is significantly more important for SCI patients, while expiratory muscle function is significantly more important for ALS and DMD patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Cough/physiopathology , Inspiratory Capacity , Muscle Strength/physiology , Muscle Weakness/pathology , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology , Respiratory Muscles/pathology , Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology
20.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 69(5): 547-553, sep.-oct. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633679

ABSTRACT

Virtualmente todos los pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica tendrán disnea, que es quizá el síntoma más penoso de esta devastadora enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue correlacionar la dimensión respiratoria de la escala ALSFRS-R, la capacidad vital forzada y las presiones estáticas máximas bucales. Se estudiaron prospectivamente 20 pacientes consecutivos sin disnea durante 24 meses. El puntaje total de la escala ALSFRS-R disminuyó de 34.3 ± 10.3 a 22.1 ± 8.0 (p = 0.0325); la contribución de la dimensión respiratoria fue insignificante. En quienes refirieron disnea (n: 12), la capacidad vital forzada cayó un 41 ± 21 % del valor inicial pero con similar caída (46 ± 23%), 8 pacientes no refirieron disnea. La correlación entre la escala ALSFRS-R con la capacidad vital forzada (litros) fue r: 0.73, (p = 0.0016) y con la presión inspiratoria máxima (cm H2O), r: 0.84, p = 0.0038. La correlación entre la capacidad vital forzada (%) con la disnea fue r s: 0.23, p = 0.1400. La correlación de la disnea con la presión inspiratoria máxima (%) fue r s: 0.58, p = 0.0300 y con la presión espiratoria máxima (%), r s: 0.49, p = 0.0400. La dimensión respiratoria de la escala ALSFRS-R no permitió predecir el grado de deterioro funcional respiratorio. Esto sugiere que dicha dimensión no reemplaza a las mediciones funcionales respiratorias y, debido a que la insuficiencia respiratoria puede no ser evidente, la realización de dichas pruebas provee una base objetiva de seguimiento y permite planear medidas con anticipación.


Virtually all patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis will complain of dyspnea, which is perhaps the most distressing symptom of this devastating disease. The objective was to correlate respiratory domain of ALSFRS-R with forced vital capacity and maximal static pressures in the mouth. We designed a prospective study in 20 consecutive patients without dyspnea during 24 months. The global decline of ALSFRS-R was from 34.3 ± 10.3 to 22.1 ± 8.0 (p = 0.0325), the contribution of respiratory domain was irrelevant. Those who referred dyspnea (n: 12), forced vital capacity fell 41 ± 21% of the initial value but with similar value of fall (46 ± 23%) 8 patients did not referred dyspnea. Total score of ALSFRS-R correlated with forced vital capacity (litres), r: 0.73, p = 0.0016 and maximal inspiratory pressure (cm H2O), r: 0.84, p = 0.0038, but the fall of the forced vital capacity (%) did not correlate with dyspnea (r s: 0.23, p = 0.1400). There was a moderate correlation between dyspnea and maximal inspiratory pressure (%), r s: 0.58, p = 0.0300 and between dyspnea and maximal expiratory pressure (%), r s: 0.49, p = 0.0400. We concluded that the respiratory functional deterioration could not be predicted using respiratory domain of ALSFRS-R. This suggests that respiratory domain of this scale does not replace to respiratory function testing measurements and, due to the respiratory insufficiency could not be clinically evident; performing pulmonary function tests provides an objective view and permit to make anticipatory actions.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications , Dyspnea/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Dyspnea/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Spirometry , Vital Capacity/physiology
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